{"id":55,"date":"2016-03-03T12:16:26","date_gmt":"2016-03-03T17:16:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/folvera.commons.gc.cuny.edu\/?p=55"},"modified":"2021-09-16T14:58:36","modified_gmt":"2021-09-16T18:58:36","slug":"intro-to-sql-days-7-8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/folvera.commons.gc.cuny.edu\/?p=55","title":{"rendered":"Intro to SQL (WS16SQL1001) \u2013 Days 7 &amp; 8"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>We have now covered <em>normalization<\/em>\u00a0&#8212; in other words how to clean up a relational database to make it faster and avoid redundancy of data that may cause errors in the long run.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>A relational database is a collection of data items organized as a set of formally-described tables from which data can be accessed or reassembled in many different ways without having to reorganize the database tables. The relational database was invented by <a title=\"What is E. F. Codd (Edgar F. &quot;Ted&quot; Codd)? - Definition from WhatIs.com\" href=\"http:\/\/searchoracle.techtarget.com\/definition\/E-F-Codd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">E. F. Codd<\/a> at IBM in 1970.<\/em><br \/>\n<a title=\"What is relational database? - Definition from WhatIs.com\" href=\"http:\/\/searchsqlserver.techtarget.com\/definition\/relational-database\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/searchsqlserver.techtarget.com\/definition\/relational-database<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p><em>In creating a database, normalization is the progress of organizing it into tables in such a way that the results of using the database are always unambiguous and as intended. Normalization may have the effect of duplicating data within the database and often results in the creation of additional tables. (While normalization tends to increase the duplication of data, it does not introduce redundancy, which is unnecessary duplication.) Normalization is typically a refinement progress after the initial exercise of identifying the data objects that should be in the database, identifying their relationships, and defining the tables required and the columns within each table.<\/em><br \/>\n<a title=\"What is normalization? - Definition from WhatIs.com\" href=\"http:\/\/searchsqlserver.techtarget.com\/definition\/normalization\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/searchsqlserver.techtarget.com\/definition\/normalization<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Download <a title=\"Day 8 - Class notes\" href=\"https:\/\/folvera.commons.gc.cuny.edu\/files\/2016\/03\/IntroToSQL_20160303.pdf\" rel=\"\">one<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a title=\"Day 8 - Class notes: Vocabulary\" href=\"https:\/\/folvera.commons.gc.cuny.edu\/files\/2016\/03\/IntroToSQL_20160303_Vocabulary.pdf\" rel=\"\">two<\/a>\u00a0for day eight.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We have now covered normalization\u00a0&#8212; in other words how to clean up a relational database to make it faster and avoid redundancy of data that may cause errors in the long run. A relational database is a collection of data items organized as a set of formally-described tables from which data can be accessed or [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7213,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"send_to_group_blog":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,3,1,17,2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-55","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ws16sql1001","category-computer-programming","category-cuny","category-open-source","category-sql"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/folvera.commons.gc.cuny.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/folvera.commons.gc.cuny.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/folvera.commons.gc.cuny.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/folvera.commons.gc.cuny.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7213"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/folvera.commons.gc.cuny.edu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=55"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/folvera.commons.gc.cuny.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":961,"href":"https:\/\/folvera.commons.gc.cuny.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55\/revisions\/961"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/folvera.commons.gc.cuny.edu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=55"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/folvera.commons.gc.cuny.edu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=55"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/folvera.commons.gc.cuny.edu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=55"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}